Why Hamlet Delayed Avenging His Fathers Murder Essay...

Why Hamlet Delayed Avenging His Fathers Murder In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the main character continually delays acting out his duty of avenging his father’s murder. This essay will discuss how Hamlet’s nature and morals (which are intensified by difficult events) prevent him from carrying out the task. In the opening scenes of the play, the Ghost of Hamlet’s late father reveals to him the true means by which King Hamlet died. The Ghost tells Hamlet that his father’s death was caused by Claudius pouring poison into his ear. He exhorts Hamlet to avenge the murder. Hamlet’s initial response is to act on the Ghost’s exhortation quickly. Hamlet says; quot;Haste me to know’t that I with wings as swift†¦May sweep to my revenge.quot; Yet†¦show more content†¦However, this is little more than a delay tactic, and Hamlet also does not make any further plans to kill the King. The most plausible explanation is that Hamlet’s own nature and values continually hindered him from performing the task. Hamlet is a sensitive, introverted young man, who is naturally prone to melancholia. The Ghost’s revelation and also the fact that his mother has remarried to King Claudius, intensify his already melancholic disposition. His mother’s remarriage is an abomination in Hamlet’s eyes. This is because the marriage was soon after his father’s death, King Hamlet was quot;But three months dead.quot; This shows little sensitivity to those who are grieving and also implies that their relationship was initiated before King Hamlet died. Secondly, the marriage was against canon law, which made it a sin. Hamlet says to his mother in Act III:4, quot;Have you not eyes? You cannot call it love. O shame! Where is thy blush?quot; These successive shocks deepen Hamlet’s depression. In Act II:2 Hamlet says to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, quot;I have of late†¦lost all my mirth.quot; He falls deeper and deeper into the slough of fruitless brooding. In his first soliloquy he says; quot;O that this too too solid flesh would melt.quot; Thus, the task is too onerous for the fragile, melancholic Hamlet. In addition, Hamlet was a philosopher rather than a man ofShow MoreRelatedRevenge In Hamlet Analysis988 Words   |  4 PagesMurder, incest, revenge! This is Shakespeare’s Hamlet. If lovers of literature are asked to make a list of some of the greatest works of literature, undoubtedly, Hamlet would be near the top. Hamlet, an intriguing and complicated character, has been studied by lovers of literature and psychologists alike. It is an interesting examination of human behavior. To set the scene, prince Hamlet’s father has been slyly murdered by his uncle. His father’s apparent ghost comes to him and asks him to avengeRead MoreWhy Did Hamlet Delay Killing the King?892 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet is one of Shakespeare’s many tragedies. Common themes in these works by Shakespeare are murder and deceit. Hamlet is full of each. The protagonist of the play, Prince Hamlet, is a young man whose father was murdered two months before the beginning of the story. E arly on in the play Hamlet is approached by the ghost of his father. He explains to Hamlet that his brother, Claudius, murdered him. Before he returns to purgatory, he asks that Hamlet take revenge on Claudius, who, since the murderRead MoreRevenge in Hamlet1070 Words   |  5 Pagesstory lines of Shakespeare’s plays, Hamlet is definitely one of them. In William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, Fortinbras, Hamlet and Laertes each demonstrate the ways revenge leads to tragedy when they are unable to cope with the loss of a loved one. Young Fortinbras has intentions of honoring his father’s loss by gaining the territory that was rightfully theirs. The lengths he is willing to go compare to Hamlet’s determination to seek revenge upon his uncle, and father’s murderer, Claudius. Hamlet’s hopesRead MorePerspectives Of Hamlet During The Elizabethan Era1604 Words   |  7 PagesPerspectives of Hamlet during the Elizabethan Era By: Aanshi Gandhi One of the many beautiful aspects of art is that it gets perceived in many unique ways depending on the viewer’s cultural, political and social views and standpoints. Literature experiences different interpretations all the time and authors use this to their advantage to create a piece of work which remains evergreen. Shakespeare evidently utilises this technique in his most intriguing, and fascinating literary piece, Hamlet. Stuck inRead MoreThe Search for Truth in Hamlet by William Shakespeare823 Words   |  3 Pages Hamlet will always be well known for his delay in killing Claudius. After the interaction with his fathers ghost. The ghost informes Hamlet that he must get revenge and now kill Claudius. But from the start hesitation was in effect. There are many different theories of why Hamlet delayed revenge the most well know are finding of a perfect moment and him questioning death and the ghost itself. Hamlet was never unfaithful, he always want to go, but that he had never finished thinking the matter outRead MoreKing Hamlet By William Shakespeare1641 Words   |  7 Pagesinterpretation. Shakespeare was particularly fond of allowing his audience and his readers the freedom to interpret the deeper meaning of his work. Of the many themes in the play â€Å"Hamlet†, the concept of memory is the most influential, specifically, the memory of King Hamlet represented by the ghost. The memory of King Hamlet created an aura of mystery within the play, leaving much of it open to interpretation. Moreover, the memory of the late King Hamlet was the driving force of the plot, initiating many ofRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1732 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder. Murder! Murder most foul, as in the best it is; But this most foul, strange and unnatural.† (Hamlet, 1.5 25-28) In Act 1, Scene 5 of Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the Ghost, which can be either interpreted as Hamlet’s late father or a figment of Hamlet’s imagination, commands the young Hamlet to take revenge for the death of the former King of Denmark. In this iconic scene, young Hamlet takes heed of the Ghost’s words and it sets forward in motion the plot forRead MoreThe Madness Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare2259 Words   |  10 Pages Thirdly, Hamlet feigned madness was another cause of delay to his avenging his father’s death. He feigned madness to enable him to buy time to make a decision and plan on how to kill Claudius. Although people like Grenadier believed that Hamlet was really mad by saying â€Å"This is no mock-madness, to see it as such is to miss the power of the central theme of the play, Hamlet walks alone within the prison of mental death† (Grenadier 70). 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Bradley who popularised this concept of a ‘tragic flaw’ which was translated and based around Aristotle’s model of tragedy. He suggests that the reason Hamlet delayed the act of avenging his fathe r’s murder was due to possessing a tragic flaw; the inability to act. Whereas, critic

The Inspirations Of Film Design - 885 Words

INSPIRATIONS OF FILM DESIGN Hey brother do you remember when I was in the 9th grade, I started enjoying more and more films in my life then ever before. Remember that time when I started looking deeper into the films that I watched, at that time is when I decided I was going to make my videos of my own for fun. I bet you don’t know all about what happened at that age so I will tell you. At that moment I started my journey to become a film maker in the real world with real short films. However, I can’t take all the credit for just one day of being interested and watching funny and crazy movies whenever I wanted. This passion was created by one movie that I watched Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom. This movie inspired me and made me who I am today, as well as helping me through a lot of obstacles in my life. Therefore, the reason that I have chosen the guy who helped create it Michael Kahn as my role model in this paper. Well brother your most likely wondering who thi s guy and what he does? Michaels editing skills are what makes these movie creations come to life right before your eyes with movie magic as some people call it. Johnathan Paul describes â€Å"Michael Kahn as one of the most successful film editors in the business† (Paul, 2015). Michael Kahn the film editor now days when he first started he was not an editor in fact, he didn’t want to be an editor in the first place. Kahn, He started working in the mail room in New York and then slowly moved up one promotion atShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie The And Timelessness Of The Film 1389 Words   |  6 Pages The placelessness and timelessness of the film also allows the creators to disregard archaeological accuracy when drawing inspiration from Incan art and architecture for the animation of the film. The Inca civilization developed a distinct â€Å"abstract† and â€Å"geometrical† style of art (Zuidema, 2). 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Tracking the U.S Economy Free Essays

string(121) " months of solid gains, but the decline is probably interim in nature given the strengthening numbers in the Job market\." This will be followed by a personal economic outlook or the remainder of 2014. Current State of U. S Economy: A. We will write a custom essay sample on Tracking the U.S Economy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gross Domestic Product (GAP) According to the figures illustrated in the above graph prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (SEA), an agency of the Commerce Department, U. S. Real gross domestic product contracted sharply at an annual rate of 1. 0 percent in IQ 2014 compared to 2. 6 percent in the previous quarter. This marked the first decline in economic growth since January 2011, a period of three years. The drop in GAP growth comes as a revision, down from the BEAK’S original estimate released last April which showed an increase of 0. 1 percent. The BEA announces early estimates based on incomplete and partial data to provide a general picture of economic activity. These estimates are usually revised, with a second and third estimate being released as more data is acquired. The third and last revision for IQ 2014 is due to be released on June 25th and it remains to be seen how the GAP numbers will be affected. So why did the numbers decline so drastically? Many economists blame the anemic growth due to diminished business inventories, and the abnormally, harsh winter the country experienced during the beginning of the year, however, not everyone agrees. Forbes quotes Steve Blitz, chief economist at ITS Investment Research who states, â€Å"Looking through the rest of the report, we see the cold hand of winter, although I am not sure to what extent the cold in the Midwest caused the level of exports to drop by $40. 5 billion while imports only dropped $8. 8 billion. Surely the supply chains weren’t frozen in only one direction. Despite the historically, cold weather, there is more to the unexpected, weak performance of the battered U. S economy. Numerous components of the GAP played a hand in causing the decline in economic growth, including a decrease in exports, lack of business investments and decreased government spending. Reduction in real exports (real imports, which are a subtracted in the GAP calculation declined as well ), accounted for a significant portion of the economic decline, followed by a decrease in inventory investments, non residential fixed investments, residential investments and a cutback in state and local government spending. The GAP ‘s only supporter so far this year came in the form of increased real personal consumer expenditures, which grew from 2. 1 percent from the previous estimate of 2. 0 percent, mainly reflecting sharp increases in services and light increases in other areas. The BEA states, â€Å"The downturn in the percent change in real GAP, primarily reflected a downturn in exports, a larger decrease in private inventory investment, and downturns in nonresidential fixed investment and in state and local government spending that were partly offset by an upturn in federal government spending† (2014). The table below, prepared by the BEA, shows precisely which components of GAP rose and tumbled in IQ 2014. B. Foreign Trade (Exports Imports) According to records maintained by the U. S Census Bureau and the BEA, exports in April of $193. 3 billion and imports of $240. Billion resulted in a trade deficit of $47. 2 billion, up from $44. 2 billion in March. The April exports were $0. 3 billion less than March exports of $193. 7 billion, but imports were $2. 7 billion more than March imports of $237. 8 billion. The chart produced by the BEA below displays the U. S. International trade in goods and services in a period of two years, from April 2012 to April 2014. Goods deficit in April increased by $3. 3 billion from March to $65. 8 billion and services surplus increased by $0. 2 billion from March to $18. 6 billion. Exports of goods decreased $0. 6 billion to $135. Billion, but imports however increased by $2. 7 billion to $200. 9 billion. Services exports increased by $0. 3 billion to $58. 2 billion and imports followed suit increasing by $0. 1 billion to $39. 7 billion. From April 2013 to April 2014, the goods and services deficit has increased by $6. Billion. Imports in that time period were up by 5. 4 percent or, $12. 4 billion and exports were up by 3. 0 percent, or $5. 6 billion. C. Gross Private Domestic Investments (Business Investment) Gross private domestic investment is a vital component of GAP because it gives us an idea of future productive capacity. It accounts for approximately 14 percent of our GAP and is considered to be the least stable component. The BEA defines gross private domestic investment as private fixed investment and change in private inventories. It is measured without a deduction for consumption of fixed capital and includes replacements and addition to the capital stock, but excludes investment by U. S. Residents in other countries, hence the domestic. The BEA divides business investments into to sub-categories, fixed nonresidential investment, residential investment and business inventories. In short, gross private domestic investment is n aggregate component of expenditures and includes fixed investments (nonresidential and residential) and change in private inventories. In the above graph from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLESS), the analysis depicts gross private domestic investment data with future projections as far as 2022. The growth rate for the time period of 2002 to 2012 is 0. 6 percent, with negative annual growth rates for all categories of fixed residential structures. However, the annual growth rate in business inventories in this same time period increased from the last decade from -3. 3 percent to 12. 9 percent. They project business inventories to increase by 2022 at an average annual rate of 0. 6 percent. D. Consumer Spending The Consumer Confidence Index increased slightly in May. The index is currently at 83. 0, up from 81. 7 Just last month in April. The BEA recently reported that consumer spending increased to 10914. 40 billion in IQ 2014, up from 10831. 50 billion in Q 2013. U. S. Consumer spending fell for the first time in a year in April 2014 after two months of solid gains, but the decline is probably interim in nature given the strengthening numbers in the Job market. You read "Tracking the U.S Economy" in category "Papers" The drop followed a revised 1. Percent increase in March that was the largest gain since August 2009. Real disposable personal income (DIP) remained steady throughout IQ 2014 with a slight decreases in both April and May. E. Unemployment Rate As reported by the Bull’s latest economic news release, total nonfat payroll employment increased by 217,000 in May. The increase was due largely to professional and business services, health care and social assistance, leisure and hospitality, transportation and warehousing and temporary services. Employment in other sectors such as manufacturing, mining and logging, construction, wholesale ND retail trade, information and financial services, and government remained steady. The unemployment rate remained unchanged at 6. 3 percent. In May, following a decline of 0. 4 percent in April. The number of unemployed persons remained the same in May at 9. 8 million, a decrease of 1. 9 million over the last year. Over the previous year, nonfat payroll employment averaged approximately 197,000 a month. The long term unemployed numbers remained steady at 3. 4 million and accounted for 34. 6 percent of the unemployed. That number has declined by almost a million workers, as the economy continues to gradually recover ND improve. The graph below by the BEA shows the inclines and declines of the unemployment rate since 1990. Updated unemployment figures and charts for June 2014 will be released on July 3, 2014. F. Inflation Rate (ICP) The most recent release by the BLESS states that the ICP for all urban consumers (ICP-U) increased by 0. 3 percent in April on a seasonally adjusted basis. Over the past year, the all items index increased by 2. 0 percent before seasonal adjustment. Gasoline, shelter, and food indexes all rose in April and so did all items less food and energy. The consumer price index for May will be released on June 17, 2014. G. Government Spending: Fiscal and Monetary Policies According to the data reported by the BEA, current government expenditures exceeded receipts and caused a net government saving of -966. Billion during first quarter of 2014; an increase from Q 2013. Net lending or net borrowing which is an alternative measure of the government fiscal position was -1036. 5 billion, increasing from -968. 7 Q 2013. U. S. Economic Outlook: Remainder 2014 Coming off the harshest winter we’ve experienced in quite some time, the economy is expected to rebound and contin ue improving its upward growth in the remainder of 2014. The economy is expected to expand 2. 4 percent with the recovery of the housing market and business investments. Government consumption is expected to slow economic growth this year for the fourth straight year in a row. Consumer spending will remain in the 2 percent range, but it’s possible that it might increase due to the increase in disposable personal income. This is assuming consumer confidence increases as the year passes. Employment is expected to continue its growth of 180,000-190,000 Jobs gained monthly similar to the previous two years. Structural unemployment will continue to be an issue as most Jobs created will be in he food service and retail industries. Small businesses are expected to gain confidence and provide support to the economic growth in 2014 with a key source of funding that’s been missing since the recession; home equity. The increase in home values over the previous year and the ongoing housing recovery is expected to support small businesses. The recovering housing market will play a role in GAP growth as home values continue to rise fueling construction activity leading to an accelerated pace in residential investment. Accelerated business investment will gain approximately 2. 5 percent to around 4. Percent in the following quarters; driven by hefty gains in nonresidential structures and slight increases in equipment and software expenditures. Growing demand for industrial space will support the increase in business investments. Inflation will rise modestly from the lows of 2013 but will remain humble. Consumer prices will rise as producer prices rise due to global and domestic demand. Net exports will play a leading role and is expected to add to the overall GAP growth. Economists predict a 6. 6 percent rate of growth, along with the support of the oil boom to increase the pace of export activity. U. S. Economic Personal Outlook: 2014 From the extensive research I’ve done on this topic, my personal outlook on the economy for 2014 in one word, subpart. I expect GAP to grow slightly over the year due to more than one component. Consumer spending is a strong candidate to increase most simply because disposable income is increasing. I understand that we just recently went through a recession and money conservation would be wise, but we’re a consumer nation and a consumer based culture, therefore I expect personal consumer expenditures to rise. The winter that affected the nation during the ginning of the year slowed growth but in March, when the weather started to lift consumer expenditures skyrocketed. Personally, it would seem as if consumer confidence is on the rise and the data supports my theory. I believe the increasing home values will embolden consumers and business owners alike and add to economic growth, with businesses leading the way. I feel as if consumers aren’t ready to make such a big financial commitment such as a mortgage and the ones willing to take risks will be the entrepreneurs or the business owners, so I expect to see growth in business investments. Residential investments will continue to improve as confidence is restored in the housing market allowing consumers to purchase rental properties to supplement or increase their income. Non residential investments will increase as well as values rise due to demand but I’m not quite sure how strong this demand will be. Being the consumer culture we are, I expect us to import more than we export like we have for over a two decades now, however, the strengthening oil and gas sector in the country will gain momentum, gradually relieving us of our oil dependency on OPEC nations in the years to come, decreasing our imports of foreign oil. Economic growth in 2014 may be slow, but it’s much better compared to where we were as a nation a couple of years ago. How to cite Tracking the U.S Economy, Papers

Plastic Surgery for the Other Essay Example For Students

Plastic Surgery for the Other Essay Starting with modernity, we have entered an era of production of the Other. It is no longer a question of killing, of devouring or seducing the Other, of facing him, of competing with him, of loving or hating the Other. It is first of all a matter of producing the Other. The Other is no longer an object of passion but an object of production. Maybe it is because the Other, in his radical otherness alterite, or in his irreducible singularity, has become dangerous or unbearable. And so, we have to conjure up his seduction. Or perhaps, more simply, otherness and dual relationships gradually disappear with the rise of individual values and with the destruction of the symbolic ones. In any case, otherness alterite is lacking and, since we cannot experience otherness as destiny, one must produce the other as difference. And this is a concern just as much for the body as it is for sex, or for social relationships. In order to escape the world as destiny, the body as destiny, sex (and the other sex) as destiny, the production of the other as difference is invented. This is what happens with sexual difference. Each sex has its own anatomical and psychological characteristics, its own desire with all the insoluble events that emerge from that, including an ideology of sex and desire, and a utopia of sexual difference based on law and nature. None of this has any meaning sens whatsoever in seduction where it is not a question of desire but of a play jeu with desire, and where it is not a question of equality between different sexes or of an alienation of one by the other since this play jeu implies a perfect reciprocity of each partner (not difference or alienation, but alterity/otherness alterite or complicity). Seduction is nothing less than hysterical, since no sex projects its sexuality onto the other. Distances are set. And otherness alterite is left untouched. This is the very condition of this greater illusion, of this play with desire. What is produced with the romantic turn, at the turn of the 19th century, is on the contrary the putting into play of a masculine hysteria and, with it, of a change in sexual paradigms that once again must be reinserted in the more general and universal context of a change in the paradigms of otherness. During this hysterical phase, it is to a certain extent the femininity of men that is projected onto women and that shape them as ideal figures of likeness ressemblance. Romantic love is no longer about winning over a womans heart, or about seducing her. It is rather a matter of creating her from inside de linterieur, of inventing her, either as a realized utopia (an idealized woman), or as a femme fatale, a star, which is yet another hysterical and supernatural metaphor. This is the entire work of the romantic Eros: he is the one who has invented such an ideal harmony, such a love fusion, almost an incestuous form, between twin beings (woman as a projected resurrection of the same, and woman who takes her supernatural shape only as an ideal of the same), an artifact from now on destined to love, that is to say destined to a pathos of ideal likeness ressemblance of beings and sexes, a pathetic confusion that replaces the dual otherness alterite of seduction. The entire erotic machine ry changes meaning/direction sens because the erotic attraction that once came from otherness alterite, from the strangeness of the Other, now shifts to the side of the Same, to the side of similarity and likeness ressemblance. .u338c6d13622c6e2c39bda75cfebe226f , .u338c6d13622c6e2c39bda75cfebe226f .postImageUrl , .u338c6d13622c6e2c39bda75cfebe226f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u338c6d13622c6e2c39bda75cfebe226f , .u338c6d13622c6e2c39bda75cfebe226f:hover , .u338c6d13622c6e2c39bda75cfebe226f:visited , .u338c6d13622c6e2c39bda75cfebe226f:active { border:0!important; } .u338c6d13622c6e2c39bda75cfebe226f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u338c6d13622c6e2c39bda75cfebe226f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u338c6d13622c6e2c39bda75cfebe226f:active , .u338c6d13622c6e2c39bda75cfebe226f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u338c6d13622c6e2c39bda75cfebe226f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u338c6d13622c6e2c39bda75cfebe226f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u338c6d13622c6e2c39bda75cfebe226f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u338c6d13622c6e2c39bda75cfebe226f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u338c6d13622c6e2c39bda75cfebe226f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u338c6d13622c6e2c39bda75cfebe226f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u338c6d13622c6e2c39bda75cfebe226f .u338c6d13622c6e2c39bda75cfebe226f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u338c6d13622c6e2c39bda75cfebe226f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: WalMart Essay Auto-eroticism? Incest? No, but rather a hypostasis of the Same. Of the same that eyes the other, that invests and alienates himself in the other. But the other is never more than the ephemeral form of a difference that draws me closer to the I me rapproche de moi. It is also the reason why, with romantic love and all its current by-products, sexuality draws nearer to death: it is because sexuality is getting closer to incest and to its own destiny, even if it is banalized (for it is no longer a .

Romeo And Juliet With West Side Story Essays -

Romeo And Juliet With West Side Story Story are two very similar movies. Though they are alike in many ways, they are also very different as well. The two movies mirror each other all the way until the fight in West Side Story and until Mercutio dies in Romeo and Juliet. When Tony dies in West Side Story and Maria, acting as a "Juliet", the major differences start to show. In Romeo and Juliet, the two lovers both die, in West Side Story, Maria lives. Instead of fighting between families, as the Montagues and the Capulets, West Side Story brings out the gang activity, Sharks vs. Jets. Some of the characters in West Side Story are the same personality-type as the ones in Romeo and Juliet. These characters: Maria as a Juliet, Tony as Romeo, Bernardo as Tybalt, Anita as the Nurse, etc., have the same attitudes. These are only a few of the similarities. The opening scenes in both movies are similar also. In West Side Story the Sharks harass a man, as the members of his gang show up to his side. They don't exchange words; they just start singing and dancing. This is when the cops come to break up the two gangs, just like Esclas(?) did in Romeo and Juliet. There is another time when Riff talks Tony into attending the dance at the gym as Benvolio talks Romeo into attending the ball. At the dance, there appears a young girl, Maria, just as in Romeo and Juliet, the exact ideal when Juliet appears. When Anita is telling Maria that she can't possibly be in love with Tony; for he is an American, and Lady Capulet and the Nurse speak to Juliet about the differences between the two families. Both girls know that their love is chancing, they still are strong-willed in keeping it. Both girls are also there to marry people they are not in love with. And again, their Ladies tell them that they should just marry who they are told to marry. In West Side Story, Tony and Maria first meet at the dance just as in Romeo and Juliet, where they both first meet at the ball. It is like love at first sight in both stories. The balcony scene in Romeo and Juliet also reflects the fire escape scene in West Side Story. Both men speak to the girls as a part of the sky, the sun, moon, etc. Anita finds out about the love between Tony and Maria, as the Nurse with Romeo and Juliet, yet both are supportive. The gang activity in West Side Story doesn't come that close with the gang activity of today. Today, gangs are a lot more violent, there is a harsher way to prove your loyalty whereas today, like having to kill someone or cut off their fingers, etc. In West Side Story, to be in gangs you must just prove your loyalty through your honesty. In gangs today, they surely don't sing and dance around. The names that the gangs have in West Side Story are not harsh names, either. Today, they are ugly names with harsh meanings. The only similar things with the gangs today and in West Side Story that I have seen is that they stick together, push their publicity, and have certain things about them that they all do together. One example, being the color, number, race, name, etc., that today's gangs use to distinguish themselves with also is used in West Side Story. Roxanne and Cyrano de Bergerac also have similar qualities to them. First, the names of Roxanne and C. D Bales, maybe standing for Cyrano de Bergerac and of course both girls are named Roxanne. In both movies, the whole town loves a man, but the man fears that he could never have the love of a woman because he has such a big nose. Both movies strike a universal note because maybe that we all have some type of thing or way about us that we secretly fear people may ridicule. In Cyrano de Bergerac, Cyrano falls in love with Roxanne, as does Christian. This reflects Bales falling in love with, again, Roxanne just like Chris. In Roxanne, she falls in love with Chris first because of the outer features, but he doesn't know how to talk to woman. C.D Bales is good with woman and gentle with them, just like in Cyrano, how Roxanne is in love with Christian's face and Cyrano's words. There is also a

Book Review of Domestic Violence Essays

Book Review of Domestic Violence Essays Book Review of Domestic Violence Essay Book Review of Domestic Violence Essay T. B. James has written a hard-hitting and incisive book focusing on current myths about domestic violence in the United States that turns the conventional approach on its ear (Domestic Violence: The 12 Things You Arent Supposed to Know, 2003). A practicing attorney in Minnesota and founder/director of Better Resolutions Mediation Service, Jamess short, quotable book focuses on empirical studies and an extensive review of the literature to make a powerful argument that women are as violent as men, while our legal system is biased against men and refuses to hold females accountable when they are violent dames, 2003). Based on this information, James first twelve chapters are small essays, each addressing one of the dozen things cited in his title. In the 13th and final chapter, he marshals his chilling conclusions from the research literature: men are victimized more often than women and violence against them by females is Just as severe as violence against women. Women are the primary abusers of children and most of their young victims are male. Criminal statistics show, in spite of a rising chorus of voices denouncing violence against women, that violence against males over at least the past twenty ears has been rising, while conversely, violence against women has been decreasing. The same statistics reveal that violence perpetrated by females, in general, has been on the rise dames, 2003). In his most startling chapters, James makes a forceful but controversial assertion that domestic violence against men, ratner tnan raclal crlmes, are tne most under-reported crimes, cltlng Tactors tnat include masculine cultural conditioning about not admitting they are victims and mens real fears about seeking Justice in a legal system that favors women. James demonstrates systemic bias by some lawyers, police and Judges toward men based n the assumption that they are more violent. Assumptions that have been uncritically accepted by many in the legal system include the belief that women are rarely violent, except in self-defense situations dames, 2003). Thomas also cites chilling statistics showing males, not females, as victims of bias in the legal system, noting that men are charged and convicted for all crimes proportionately far more often than females, and when convicted for essentially the same crimes, even capital crimes, face far more serious sanctions (including longer sentences, a vastly higher ikelihood of execution and far more restrictive conditions under their sentences) dames, 2003). A glaring example of this bias is that women, as the primary abusers of children, face minimal consequences for their actions. Sexual abuse of children, while representing less than ten percent (10%) of abuse crimes against them, are primarily committed by men and yet are prosecuted far more often and more forcefully than physical abuse by adult females, which constitute the vast majority of such crimes. When child custody is an issue, males are at an even greater isadvantage-in spite of the clear statistics about the preponderance of child abusers being female. Even when there is significant evidence that a mother is not a fit parent, fathers are correct in their assessment that they are unlikely to win sole custody, primary custody, or be able to significantly limit their childrens contact with abusive mothers dames, 2003). James also skewers the current research base for domestic violence, noting that much of the purported research into domestic violence is characterized by critical flaws; on an intellectual level, these problems included eep-seated prejudices against males based on many researchers feminist-based assumptions about the inherently violent nature of males, the unacceptability of all male violence (even if it is for self-defense) against females, and the presumptively defensive or insignificant nature of violence by women toward their male victims. Data about female perpetrators of child abuse are apparently overlooked dames, 2003). In the domestic violence research world, feminist assumptions-many contradicting better designed studies or more reliable crime data- have tremendous nfluence on how questions are framed, what questions are asked, who is surveyed, and how slanted data are then interpreted to support these pre-existing assumptions. Such studies are based on a circular logic that calls women victims and men batterers dames, 2003). As an example, James cites studies that ask women to report if they have ever been abused according to an extremely generous definition of abuse, then assumes that all instances of abuse reported has been, naturally, perpetrated by their male domestic partners. This data is then reported as reliable, and more importantly, alid. The data is then interpreted to make questionable or untenable conclusions that support the original, simplistic assumptions dames, 2003). James portrays a legal system apparently so intent on correcting past injustices against women that males are now consistently held to a much tougher standard. Not only are females given the benefit of the doubt, much of their violence is viewed as purely defensive or due to Tactors excuslng tnem Trom responslDlllty wnen tney are vlolent. Many people In our Justice system have bought into specious arguments supporting a gender-based ythology as well as uncritically accepting as truth a specific ideology that not only skews the realities of domestic violence but has profoundly negative consequences for males-victims and perpetrators-of all ages dames, 2003). Hard-core feminists who view all women as incapable of violence and all men automatically guilty because of their gender and domestic violence advocates who dont care about the facts will surely attack this book on emotional grounds, but they will have trouble logically refuting the authors impressive grasp of the research literature, including some of its glaring flaws. Advocates of a balanced and fair approach to domestic violence, individuals and organizations fighting for the civil rights of men and equal Justice under the law regardless of gender should welcome this powerful indictment of our societys response to domestic abuse and the systematic mistreatment of males under our current approach dames, 2003). summary As a straight, African-American, heterosexual female I can assure you that Mr. James is well off the mark with this book. Though it would be nice if the stats were skewed and men were truly less responsible for violence in the household, it is imple not the case. This book is irresponsible scholarship, and a prime example of the type of prejudice that exists against the Domestic Violence movement as a whole. It is no longer a feminist issue, but rather a family issue. Domestic Violence is a serious matter, that deserves serious scholarship, and this book does not meet that standard. On any given day the number of male perpetrators of Domestic Violence is ten times that of female. Furthermore, it is almost never the case that a male victim has suffered perpetual abuse or lived in a controlling patriarchal household for the uration of the relationship, as is the case with an overwhelming number of female victims. The issue is real, and despite efforts by radical pro-male groups it is impossible to suggest that the number of men affected by domestic violence is anywhere near that of female victims. As much as people may want to believe there is a conspiracy against males via the Domestic Violence issue, I submit that a battered woman, living in a patriarchal and controlling environment, has neither the time, interest, nor ability to perpetuate such a conspiracy. Be a man, and help stop the violence. Criminal behavior is criminal behavior. Most women, like most men, do not perpetrate violence. The men and women who do such things should be treated as criminals. Violent behavior should not be ignored, because of the gender of the perpetrator. Nor should government services be deliberately denied to men, as they are in the State of Washington, where it was determined that any government aid directed to victimized men would be gender specific and; therefore, terribly unfair. Reference James, T. B. (2003). Domestic Violence: The 12 Things You Arent Supposed to Know. Chula Vista, California: Aventine Press, 2003.

Managing Business Information (report) Assignment

Managing Business Information (report) - Assignment Example Manipulation as well as plotting of data is also possible with the help of few simple commands. Even so, while defining database, it can be outlined as the prime technique for developing an information system in the modern business process. The databases are used in e-commerce and internet based marketing systems. It is very important for information system developers to have detailed knowledge and understanding regarding data structure and data analysis. The spreadsheets and database are highly used by organisations for proper running of their business. However, it is noticed that the use of database is preferred against that of spreadsheets, in present business scenario. The report details the difference between use of database and spreadsheets, along with differences between the two. It also highlights the database and spreadsheets models, which are used in the recent years for development of the informative system in an organisation. The strength and weakness of both the processe s are elaborated in the report; so as to determine the best tool used in the present world of management (Baxter, 2006). Spreadsheets are used traditionally by accountants to prepare financial budgets and had helped them to identify the financial position of companies. It is the main software for companies, which assist them to track the basis of numerical information and evaluate the same quickly and easily, compared to paper calculations. It is used widely for accounting and financing purposes and also, to record transactions made by the companies. Spreadsheets have helped accountants to replace the manual pages in ledgers, where the income and expenditure are detailed in columns and rows. The users of spreadsheets can build different functionalities, which assist them in understanding data without the need of any mathematical skill. One of the main advantage of the spreadsheet software is that it is customised with macros and buttons and thus, makes it

Money as Debt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Money as Debt - Essay Example But as soon as people realize this a protection right has been created which limits banks money making called â€Å"9 to 1 Fractional Reserve System†. Basically, if the bank has $1K cash with them the they can lend up to $9K to borrowers based on the 1:9 fractional reserve system regulations. This does not mean that banks cannot limit the earning of money up to $9K. In reality, they can make money up to $90K which makes it 1 to 90 ratios. For instance, if the bank initially had $1K cash in possession, it means the bank can lend up to $9K to public. So, we can assume that if a person X takes the loan of $9K to buy a car from PersonY. Based on the person X’s promise to pay the money back, bank will create $9K cash and loan it to person Wythe tactical part is the Person Y will then deposits $9K in the bank. Based on the 9:1 federal reserved regulation, the bank can then reserve $900 ($9K/10) and loan out the rest which is $8100 ($90:$8100 =1: 9). Moreover, it moves on to the next loan. Transaction until the bank cant reserve money anymore. So the video explains how banks

Final Examination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final Examination - Essay Example On this basis, the performance evaluation process will help in identifying the various roles of an employee, and the desired results/ outcomes of their duties within the organization. This process helps in communicating the desired outcome of their duties, and how the organization will measure their efficiency in meeting its objectives (Fried and James, 2002). This process is also important because it establishes the progress of an employee under consideration. On this basis, the periodic performance evaluation process makes it possible for the organization to provide continuous coaching, training and education to the employee under consideration. This will help in developing the various skills of the employees; as a result, the organization will have a highly talented and skillful individual to work for it (Fried and James, 2002). There are a variety of good rating criteria for performance appraisals. One of the best methods to rate employees is the use of the BARS, which stands for behavioral anchored rating scale. This method allows a manager or s supervisor to provide a description on the employee’s behavior in relation to their teamwork, delivery of results, leadership skills and communications. This type of rating, gives managers the ability to provide their own reasons as to why they rate a particular employee in the particular manner. On this basis, this type of rating has an effect in reducing errors that managers can create while rating their employees (Fried and James, 2002). This is because this type of rating defines the dimension of a job that an employee does. This type of rating also identifies the various areas that are needed for training and development. However, the only disadvantage with this method of rating is that it is time consuming to develop. In carrying out a performance review, a manager/ supervisor will need data. To collect data, a manager needs to involve the employees by asking them to submit a self-review of themselves. This gives employees a sense of control, and an opportunity to be heard by the management under consideration (Fried and James, 2002). A self review will give the employee an opportunity to remind the management of some of their important contributions. The manager will also collect data/ information from other stakeholders of the business organization. This includes customers who might be asked to review the performances of an employee under consideration. Other methods of data collection include observing the performance of the employee by the organization, for purposes of recording their strengths and weaknesses. There are four main types of rating errors. This includes (Fried and James, 2002); Halo effect Halo effect involves the influence of an individual’s character based on the overall impression of the individual under consideration. Personal bias This involves rating an individual based on whether the supervisor likes him or not. Contrast effect. Contrast effects in volve making a comparison between the employees work performance, as opposed to the established standard set by the organization. Distributional errors. This involves generalized ratings, such as good, below average, excellent, without basing the rating criteria on an accurate data or knowledge.

Impact of Fatigue on the Workplace

Impact of Fatigue on the Workplace Introduction Exposure to work-related fatigue is rising in todays 24-hour culture, which is progressively dominated by knowledge work. Fatigue from a medical point of view refers to a state of weakness of the body and the mind that affects everybody (Phillips, 2015). Fatigue is mostly related to exertive situations of work. Fatigue is an intricate problem that can be ascribed to numerous factors. Hence, it is problematic to define (Phillips, 2015). This essay seeks to explain the idea of fatigue and also discuss its effects in the working place. The paper then further discusses the types of workplaces, and work settings that the fatigue exists; the safety and health effects, both acute and chronic that may be associated with exposure to fatigue.It also discusses the federal and state agencies and standards used to regulate the hazard; traditional means of monitoring fatigue and measuring the effects it has the working place; Analysis of the possible causes of the fatigue. Finally, discuss various countermeasures to be used to manage fatigue in the workplace. Causes of Fatigue in the Workplace Fatigue is mainly a problem in safety sensitive areas, such as transport. The costs of fatigue are broadly studied in professional settings. There are numerous factors at both; in the place of work and out of the location of work which can impact levels of fatigue. The most significant factor that causes fatigue is the lack of enough sleep. In addition to the lack of sleep, fatigue can be induced by the type of work done and on the coworker. Occupational Safety Health (OSH) proposes that there are four categories of work in this regard. Fatigue can be induced through any of these four categories. These groups include self-generated stress, healthy work, poorly organized work, intrinsically stressful work. Self-generated stress occurs when a worker creates his/her stressors because of individual choices. ÂÂ  A person in this group might be trying to do many jobs, or agreeing to unrealistic demands on themselves (Rahman et al., 2017).Healthy work is work that is pleasing, motivating, satisfying and exciting. A valuation of this kind of job discloses this type of work does not induce fatigue to the worker directly rather it induces stress to resources. Poorly organized work is usually pleasing and fulfilling but structured in such a way that it becomes difficult for most people doing the work to cope with. Jobs in this category can be done safely but are often being worked too many hours in each week(Rahman et al., 2017). This can quickly induce fatigue to the person involved. The last group of work may be essentially more problematic to handle than others. Some cases of work that may be difficult to handle are work that is emotionally challenging, draining or even work that involve s long periods of intense concentration; work that has high costs from error (medicine, policing air traffic control, social work) (Han et al.,2014). The Safety and Health Effects of Fatigue Fatigue is experienced by everyone irrespective of abilities, skills, and training. The most common effects of fatigue include poor judgment, information processing decrease of attentiveness and work motivation, longer reaction time, reduced concentration, and problems with memory. Studies show that fatigue in workplaces costs over 18 billion $ a year in the US (Caruso, 2014). Also, fatigued workers have deprived communication with their environment and get irritated easily. Therefore, a fatigued employee is possibly dangerous to themselves and their fellow employees, and most of the unfortunate incidents are found among fatigued workers. Serious accidents that have been reported in recent five decades have been credited to workers fatigue. The Three Mild, The Challenger Explosion,The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill,American Airlines Flight 1420 Crash incidents are considered to be the most disastrous incident on U.S. soil; all these accidents are attributed to human error (Caruso, 2014). Chronic effects of fatigue may follow chronic exposures to severe fatigue or portray a continuous failure of adequate rest. Continuous exposure to severe fatigue causes chronic circadian disruption of the immune response and intensify risks of emerging cardiac diseases (Boivin Boudreau, 2014). The distraction of the daily regulation of human transcriptome is another mechanism behind fatigue. Also, postponing sleep by four hours for three successive days has led to decrease of the human blood transcriptome. Fatigue also alters hormonal and sleepiness cycles and the lipid and glucose metabolism, which may lead to the development of other diseases like obesity. Studies have shown that severe fatigue cumulatively rises the rate at which performance declines across wakefulness (Caruso, 2014). Fatigue favors sleeping illnesses such as insomnia and hinders with behavior. Insomnia is defined as the incapacity to sleep and to remain asleep for a desired period. It is a very common sleep illness that is related to unbalanced work hours. Sleep hypopnea is sleep disorder which is very common among overweight men who often snore. This condition is not caused by fatigue directly, but it is associated with fatigue in a way that it causes sleep deprivation which increases the fondness for food with high calories that may cause overweight and metabolic changes (Caruso, 2014). It may also affect the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular functions by altering hormonal and sleepiness cycles and increase peptic ulcer and symptoms associated with irritable bowel syndrome. Standards Used to Regulate Work Fatigue Reducing fatigue involves both state and company regulation and control as well as the efforts of the workers. OHS laws have been designed to guarantee that the health and security of everybody in the workplace is keenly observed. Every employer is urged to offer a possible working environment which is safe and does not risk the health of employees. Workers also have an obligation to take care of their health and wellbeing and that of their coworkers and follow measures the management takes to conform with OHS laws.There are also various international standards that have been in place to help regulate fatigue in the workplace.For example, the International Safety Management Code states that if fatigue, lack of adequate rest, or excessive hours of work are or should be apparent, the employer should intervene to solve the problem immediately. All this laws and standards are put in place to help the employers and employees manage fatigue effectively. Fatigue Measurement and Monitoring Studies show that fatigue is a complex problem that cannot be simply monitored and measured in working place(Wright et al., 2013). Most workers are unwilling to express signs of fatigue. Also, no instrument has been designed to measure fatigue, because of definitional difficulties of fatigue, the huge effects fatigue has on human skills, and multiple causes of fatigue. However, to be able to manage fatigue in the workplace effectively, fatigue must first be identified, measured and then analyze their causes. There exist very many tools available to be used for this purpose including articles, books, rules, and questionnaires. Some instruments are inaccurate and inconclusive. It is, therefore, important to identify the most appropriate for the workplace and acquire sufficient knowledge about the various benefits and shortcomings of each instrument in the workplace. Availability of this instruments allows the management and employees to identify, measure and manage fatigue in their pla ce of work, determine the useful methods for evading fatigue or the probability of it occurring.They are also able to study some managing strategies to be used to control fatigue and perform through accident surveys after the occurrence of problems induced by fatigue.The measurement carried out in the workplace can determine one dimension of fatigue or multiple dimensions. The one-dimensional scale is the most important dimension that is used for measuring fatigue. Its variety is mainly used for research and clinical purposes. Multi-dimensional assessment of fatigue (MAF) is another type of subjective quantification of fatigue.It indicates the degree of fatigue experienced by a worker one week ago.However, the Piper Fatigue Scale is the most accurate scale for quantification of fatigue. It contains various additional features to measure how fatigue interferes with daily living activities and the timing of fatigue. The second method of identifying fatigue is by investigating the various correlates of fatigue which include sleep and depression. These correlates are used to predict if a worker suffers from effects of fatigue. Its typical application is a valuation of fatigue for academic researchers. There exist various methods of measuring how tired a person is. Epworth Sleepiness Scale is one of the common standard methods used. It illustrations how a worker is likely to sleep during the daytime or working periods (Dawson et al., 2014). Another instrument used in fatigue measurement is the Horne-Ostberg Questionnaire (HOQ). The questionnaire contains nineteen questions that aim to determine when respondents would desire to awake or sleep. (Dawson et al.,2014). There are more other instruments used for measuring and identifying fatigue. This research mainly focuses on the three most important that have been discussed above. The other common methods include: Sleep questionnaires, sleep diaries, a ctigraphy, and polysomnography, symptom distress scale (SDS) 13-items questionnaire (Dawson et al.,2014). Fatigue can also be measured physiologically through various methods. These methods include eye blink rates, the temperature of the skin, and response and reaction time. Conclusion ÂÂ   As discussed above fatigue can be caused by very many factors in the workplace. It is there necessary to come up with multiple tactics to address various types and causes of this hazard. These strategies can be classified into two categories: Operational strategies which are used during the job; preventive strategies which are mostly implemented before working hours and during rest time (Darwent et al., 2015). Different methods can be applied in the preventive strategy. Most of them help to relieve fatigue symptoms temporarily.These strategies include: minimize sleep loss, teaching healthy sleeping behaviors to the workers, and stimulators (Darwent et al., 2015). It is important to note that laws and compliance cannot resolve all the issues connected to fatigue. The workers behavior is also significant. The workers are advised to rest and avoid caffeine and alcohol before sleeping. It is highly recommended to spend most of the free time in daylight and to participate variou s activities to promote activeness during the day. Recommendation Work fatigue is among the top ten issue in the modern industry, mainly due to long duty periods, circadian rhythms distraction and continuous sleep debt. The full understanding and further evaluation of the potentials of various preventive strategies, and individual fatigue mitigation management systems is recommended. Additional research should be done on the different methods of measuring and quantifying dynamics of transient, circadian biologic clock and cumulative sleep, and recovery to help in efficient management of fatigue in the workplace. Furthermore, a software tool to be used for fatigue prediction should be developed. References Dawson, D., Searle, A. K., Paterson, J. L. (2014). Look before you (s) sleep: evaluating the use of fatigue detection technologies within a fatigue risk management system for the road transport industry. Sleep medicine reviews, 18(2), 141-152. Han, K., Trinkoff, A. M., Geiger-Brown, J. (2014). Factors associated with work-related fatigue and recovery in hospital nurses working 12-hour shifts. Workplace health safety, 62(10), 409-414. Rahman, H. A., Abdul-Mumin, K., Naing, L. (2017). Psychosocial Work Stressors, Work Fatigue, and Musculoskeletal Disorders: Comparison between Emergency and Critical Care Nurses in Brunei Public Hospitals. Asian Nursing Research. Wright, K. P., Bogan, R. K., Wyatt, J. K. (2013). Shift work and the assessment and management of shift work disorder (SWD). Sleep medicine reviews, 17(1), 41-54. Boivin, D. B., Boudreau, P. (2014). Impacts of shift work on sleep and circadian rhythms. Pathologie Biologie, 62(5), 292-301. Dawson, D., Searle, A. K., Paterson, J. L. (2014). Look before you (s) sleep: evaluating the use of fatigue detection technologies within a fatigue risk management system for the road transport industry. Sleep medicine reviews, 18(2), 141-152. Darwent, D., Dawson, D., Paterson, J. L., Roach, G. D., Ferguson, S. A. (2015). Managing fatigue: It is about sleep. Accident Analysis Prevention, 82, 20-26. Caruso, C. C. (2014). Negative impacts of shift work and long work hours. Rehabilitation Nursing, 39(1), 16-25. Phillips, R. O. (2015). A review of definitions of fatigue-And a step towards a whole definition. Transportation research part F: TrafficPsychology and Behavior, 29, 48-56.

Embryonic Stem Cell Research Essay -- use of stem cells in regenerativ

Advancements in medical technology has allowed for a new understanding of stem cells and further developments in research. The use of stem cells in regenerative medicine may hold significant benefits for those suffering from degenerative diseases. To avail such advancements in stem cell research could see the alleviation or complete cure of afflictions that take the lives of millions worldwide each year. (McLaren, 2001) A stem cell 1 is able differentiate into any somatic cell found in the human body, including those identical to itself. Differentiation is a cellular process whereby a stem cell will divide into a specialised cell, for example a neuron2. To harness the unique cellular function of a stem cell could mean the cultivation of entirely new organs; saving countless lives and resolving acute organ transplant shortages. (Healey, 2007) Although stem cell research poses a considerable breakthrough in regenerative medicine, it raises serious ethical controversy. A specific type of stem cell used in regenerative research is an embryonic stem (ES) cell; harvested through the destruction of human embryos. (Hurlbut, 2006) This poses a significant ethical dilemma, as ES cells are sourced from pre-implantation embryos leftover from In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF). The destruction of embryos is seen by many as an abuse of human life, an exploitation of those that are living, but cannot decide their own fate. (Masters, 2005) Before ES cell research is to make a positive impact on modern medicine and the global scientific co mmunity, this ethical predicament must first be considered. Embryonic stem cell research will allow for an emerging era of medicine, where researches will be capable of providing a cure for many of todays degene... ...velopment, Monash University, Australia Fuchs, E 2008, Stem Cells: Biology, Ethics and Potential for Medicine, L'annuarie du College de France, France Denker, H 2006, Potentiality of Embryonic Stem Cells: An Ethical Problem Even With Alternative Stem Cell Sources, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany Scott, C 2008, Stem Cells: new frontiers of ethics, law and policy, Stanford University, United States of America Healey, J 2007, Cloning & Stem Cell Research, Volume 265 edn, The Spinney Press, Sydney, Australia Morgan, S 2006, From Microscopes to Stem Cell Research: discovering regenerative medicine, White-Thomson Publishing, Oxford, United Kingdom Dowswell, P 2000, Genetics: the impact on our lives, Hodder & Wayland, London, United Kingdom Maters, C 2005, DNA and your body: what you need to know about biotechnology, UNSW Press, Sydney, Australia

Kepler Mission

What is the Kepler mission? Many people don’t even know what is going on here on earth let alone in space. The Kepler mission is searching the skies for planets that are the same size as earth and worlds that could possibly similar to our own (Site 1). The Kepler spacecraft has found over 750 candidates for extra solar planets and that is just from data collected in the first 43 days of the spacecraft's observations. This is the biggest release of candidate planets that has ever happened.This is amazing; just imagine if there is that many other planets like earth with human life on it. The Kepler team has found so many candidates, they are sharing. They will keep the top 400 candidates to verify and confirm with observations using other telescopes with observations done by Kepler team members (Site 2). Us as human being can only think and wonder if there is life outside of this planet. The Kepler mission is our chance to find out. Kepler launched on March 6, 2009, and has been on the hunt for exoplanets (Site 2).The Kepler instrument is a specially designed 0. 95-meter diameter telescope called a photometer or light meter. It has a very large field of view for an astronomical telescope 105 square degrees, which is comparable to the area of your hand held at arm's length. The fields of view of most telescopes are less than one square degree. Kepler needs the large field of view in order to observe the large number of stars. It stares at the same star field for the entire mission and continuously and simultaneously monitors the brightness’s of more than 100,000 stars for at least 3. years, the initial length of the mission, which can be extended (Site 1). Extending the mission beyond three and one half years provides for improving the signal to noise by combining more transits to permit detection of smaller planets. Another reason why extending the mission is good is to find planets in orbits with larger periods. Also to find planets around stars th at are noisier either due to being fainter or having more variability The scientific objective of the Kepler Mission is to explore the structure and diversity of planetary systems.This is achieved by surveying a large sample of stars to determine the abundance of terrestrial and larger planets in or near the habitable zone of a wide variety of stars. Another objective is to determine the distribution of sizes and shapes of the orbits of these planets. Estimate how many planets there are in multiple-star systems. Determine the variety of orbit sizes and planet reflectivity’s, sizes, masses and densities of short-period giant planets. Also to identify additional members of each discovered planetary system using other techniques; and determine the properties of those stars that harbor planetary systems (Site 1).The Kepler Mission also supports the objectives of future NASA Origins theme missions Space Interferometry Mission (SIM) and Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) by identifyin g the common stellar characteristics of host stars for future planet searches, defining the volume of space needed for the search and allowing SIM to target systems already known to have terrestrial planet (Site 1). The Kepler mission has discovered a system of two Saturn size planets with perhaps a third planet that is only 1. 5 times the radius of Earth.While the news of this discovery is tempered somewhat with the announcement by a team from the European Southern Observatory of a system with five confirmed Neptune-sized planets and perhaps two additional smaller planets, both discoveries highlight that the spacecraft and techniques astronomers are using to find exoplanets are getting the desired results, and excitingly exoplanet research now includes the study of multiplanet systems. This discovery is the first time multiple planets were found by looking at transit time variations, which can provide more information about planets, such as their masses (Site 2).NASA held a press c onference to discuss early science results of the Kepler Mission on August 6, 2009. At this press conference, it was revealed that Kepler has confirmed the existence of the previously-known transiting exoplanet HAT-P-7b, and is functioning well enough to discover Earth-size planets. Since Kepler's detection of planets depends on seeing very small changes in brightness, stars that vary in brightness all by themselves are not useful in this search. From the first few months of data, Kepler scientists have determined that about 7500 stars from the initial target list are such variable stars.These were dropped from the target list and will be replaced by new candidates. On November 4, 2009, the Kepler project publicly released the light curves of the dropped stars. Ground-based follow-up studies of the first six weeks of data, reveal five previously unknown planets, all very close to their stars, one (Kepler-4b) slightly larger than Neptune and four (Kepler-5b, 6b, 7b, and 8b) larger th an Jupiter, including one (Kepler-7b), that is one of the least dense planets found yet.Another discovery, not yet understood, are at least two objects that are the size of planets, but hotter than their stars (Site 2). In conclusion, the Kepler mission I believe is the first of its kind that is actually working. The significance of the Kepler mission is very important. Kepler will monitor 100,000 stars similar to our sun for four years. The results will be extremely important either way. If Kepler detects many habitable, Earth-size planets, it could mean the universe is full of life. Kepler would then be a stepping stone to the next extensive search for habitable planets and life, the Terrestrial Planet Finder (Site 3). If nothing is found, it may mean we're alone in the galaxy.Bibliography Site 1:â€Å"Kepler. † Nasa. Ames Research Center, Web. 28 Nov. 2010. . Site 2: â€Å"Kepler Mission. † UniverseToday. com. 26 Aug. 2010. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. . Site 3: â€Å"Discov ery Program. † NASA. 16 Feb. 2010. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. .

French Revolution Essay

French Revolution Essay French Revolution Essay FRENCH REVOLUTION Danielle Hernandez P. 5 Fominaya WHAT LED TO IT†¦ ïÆ'Ëœ King Louis XVI (1754-1793) and his luxurious expenses with extravagant purchases + France’s involvement in the American Revolution = bankruptcy ïÆ'Ëœ Wheat and grain could not grow and cattle were plagued with disease ïÆ'Ëœ Prices for food increased significantly making them unobtainable to peasants and urban poor. ïÆ'Ëœ Meanwhile the King and his court were fattening themselves and eating well. ïÆ'Ëœ Heavy taxes were imposed and rioting began WHAT LED TO IT†¦ ïÆ'Ëœ France joined in alliance with America and helped them win the American revolution ïÆ'Ëœ This aid did help America, but devastated France with debt. ïÆ'Ëœ As a result the regime raised taxes and it affected the populous greatly. ïÆ'Ëœ People were poor and jobless ïÆ'Ëœ Violence and riots broke out across the nation WHAT LED TO IT†¦ ïÆ'Ëœ Similar to it’s American counterpart, the French Revolution was inspired by ideals of Enlightenment ïÆ'Ëœ Two decades of a scarce harvest left a wheat shortage. ïÆ'Ëœ People were starving and the price for food had skyrocketed THE ESTATES The estates was an order of society. It separated the population into three levels: first, second and third. The first estate was exclusively reserved to nobles and people of the upper-class. It applied to those in the King’s court and subjects. FRENCH REVOLUTION AFTERMATH ïÆ'Ëœ Many died in the fight and movement but power was given to the people ïÆ'Ëœ King was overthrown and they were banished from their palaces ïÆ'Ëœ

Foster this Advanced Business Writing Skill

Foster this Advanced Business Writing Skill There is one business writing skill that separates advanced business writers from those who are merely functionally proficient. It is the ability to synthesize complex ideas and extract the significant nuggets of information that are relevant to a particular reader and situation. In essence, these are mini-executive summaries, used widely in many communications at work. We often think an executive summary is the first part of a formal report. In fact, functional executive summaries are deployed frequently and widely by those with advanced business writing skills: When your boss asks you, "Why should we fund this project?" When you summarize a vendor performance. When you recommend a solution to a work problem. When you are asked, "Why should I hire you?" When you analyze data for trends. When you verbally summarize project pitfalls at a meeting. When you summarize the insights discussed at a meeting, relevant to the overall goals. The ability to see the big picture, to quickly understand what is significant to the situation, and extract and convey the relevant essence will greatly help your career, your department, and your company. It will also greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of the information flowing across your company. Synthesizing and extracting executive summaries is fully contextual. It will always depend on your readers' needs. Let's apply this concept to the situation of a college student working at a summer internship, who is an economics major working for a start up specializing in sustainable agriculture shipping. This student's mother, college advisor, and internship company owner all ask him, "What did you do during your internship?" Certainly, much information will be similar, but each person has specific interest and focus. Appropriate executive summary or synthesis responses for each of these audiences might be: Internship Company Owner, who will care about the value the intern brought to the company: "I developed a web portal that provides cost of living information for this area, to help with recruiting top talent. My data analysis of comparable companies in other locations indicated our location is a competitive hiring advantage." College Advisor, who will care about the student's learning and application of course skills: "I developed a web portal using HTML and CSS, which we covered in Computer Science 410. Also, using an extensive data set and regression analysis, we were able to estimate and compare costs of living in the company area." Mother, who will care about a permanent job after graduation (My son is a college junior, so I am certain a job after graduation is a primary interest of all mothers!): "I developed a web portal and analyzed cost of living data. Website development and data analysis are two skills listed on all of the business analyst positions I hope for after graduation." Therefore, the first step in synthesizing complex information is defining your audience thoroughly. Distill what really matters. The second step is presenting information that is significant and meaningful to that particular audience. Notice the summary statement made to the Internship Company Owner above has no mention of functional tasks, what team the intern worked on, or dates he worked. That is all simple functional information that led to the significant information. The company owner wouldn't care about this. The owner wants to know the value the intern brought to the business. Noise vs. substance There is, sadly, far too much fluff and task information bantered about in business writing. Mere action tasks never belong in an executive summary. Don't fall into this trap. Instead, synthesize meaningfully, and extract what is truly most significant to your reader. This ability think critically and present relevant, synthesized information to various audiences is an advanced business writing skill you want to foster in your department and in your own writing. If this is a skill you wish to hone in your organization, please contact us.

Strategic Human Resource Management. Performance-Related Pay Systems Essay

Strategic Human Resource Management. Performance-Related Pay Systems - Essay Example The paper tells that within a modern business environment, employers must balance the needs of the business with the requirements of the employees. Human Resource Management (HRM) is an important aspect of this, where employers organise and develop strategies for working with their employees. Many employees work inefficiently, as they have no desire to perform well for the company. This comes from the fact that what is good for the company is not necessarily the same as what is best for the employee. Businesses are generally aiming to make the highest profit possible, while employees are working for the money that they need to live. Performance-related pay is a system in which the company attempts to align the interests of the employees with the interests of the business, by providing employees with incentives to work hard. The exact form of the system differs substantially between different companies, with some offering commission-based pay, some paying employees a certain rate per unit produced and others paying based on team performance. There are many other variations of performance-based pay and it is a popular means of increasing overall output for a business. Performance-related pay is common in Britain and has been used for government employees as well as many large companies. However, despite the popularity of the system, current research is questioning whether performance-related pay is actually effective. Evidence suggests that this may be a mechanism that is useful in some circumstances, and counterproductive in others. The need for performance-related pay In the standard work environment, people work because they need the money, not because they have a strong loyalty for the company. While some individuals may strive to put in effort to make sure that they perform well and that they are an asset to the company, most are content with doing the minimum that is required of them. Because the success of the company does not directly affect their pay che ck, most people have no interest in how well the business does. Research suggests that compensation is the most effective driver of motivation, behaviour and attitude within the workplaces. While forms of compensation vary, money has been shown to be the most influential . Consequently, the money that employers pay their staff members plays a crucial role in maintaining relationships and the development of motivation. Pay is an essential component of the relationship between employer and employee. For the employer, it is an important component of the costs of the company and is used for bringing in new talent as well as maintaining the current labour force. For the employee, pay is used as a way of paying for living expenses, and also represents how valued he is by the employer. A person who receives a higher wage feels that what they do is important, and may put in more effort as a result. In contrast, people who feel that they are being underpaid often do not work hard, and tend t o have low morale which further decreases productivity. The traditional method of wage distribution has been non-performance-related, and pay increases have been related to a range of aspects, such as minimum wages, seniority, the cost of living or the need to retain staff. However, this system does not encourage skill development or employees to work at their maximum potential. Additionally, under this system pay rises were often associated with promotions. This can be difficult, as a person must be promoted in order to receive a pay rise and the number of positions present in a company is limited. Increasing an individual’s pay acts to reinforce positive behaviour, making it more likely that the behaviour will be repeated. Within a company, there are often many individuals that perform the same role, however they differ in terms of knowledge, experience and performance . For a business to remain competitive, it is important that their employees work to their maximum pot

Sentencing Guidelines Reform Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sentencing Guidelines Reform - Research Paper Example Likewise alternatives have been looked at for offenders of non-violent crime, such as community service. The Need for Sentencing Reforms The prison population has been rapidly growing for many years, with an increase of 7% in the period from 2000 to 2005 (King, 2007). The cost per day per prisoner of keeping criminals incarcerated is significant making the increases in prison population detrimental to the budgets of many states. In addition, there are costs associated with building new prisons if the population increases to that extend, and the associated space and land use. This places heavy demand on policy makers to try and determine sentencing laws and reforms that will limit the prison population. Punishments for crime are developed for multiple reasons including political, such as trying to win votes in an election, however one of the predominant drivers is decreasing the level of crime. The potential outcomes for committing a crime play a large role when individuals decide whe ther to follow through with a crime. For example, crime and punishment can be viewed as part of an economic model, where those who consider crimes weigh up the benefits of the crime versus all the potential costs. If the punishment for crime is high compared to the reward, then they are more likely to reconsider, this is especially true if the likelihood of prosecution and punishment is high (Reynolds, 1990). For this reason changes in sentencing must look at a balance between keeping the number of prisoners low, but still providing effective punishment and deterrent for crimes. In addition, punishment for crime can act to change behavior in criminals. For example, drug offenders are often driven largely by a need which comes from their addiction, and thieves may be responding to greed. Prison life may change this desire in a portion of those who are incarcerated, giving them time to think about who they are and what they are doing. Programs within prison and outside of it that focu s on breaking addictive behaviors, such as treatment options for drug offenders can also be very productive methods of reducing crime rate. This is because without the addiction driving them, many criminals that committed drug offenses will no longer have the same strong need or desire to. Finally, incarceration is not an effective solution in all cases. When a crime is committed out of a perceived need, particularly in the case of drug addiction, incarceration acts as a punishment, but does nothing to reduce the likelihood of re-offense. When the criminal is released, the drivers that caused him to offend in the first case are still present, and re-offense is very likely. Drug Based Sentencing Reforms Sentencing reform legislation has focused on criminals who have committed low level offenses. This section will examine some of the types of legislation in more detail. Thirteen states passed legislation that looked at increasing the available options for drug treatment for the large number of non-violent drug-based crimes. Of these states, nine passed laws that created or extended sentencing diversion for drug offenders. Sentencing diversion involves sentencing sending the criminal to a facility or a program that worked with them in treating their drug problem. This was already present in a number of states, but sentencing reforms worked to clarify ambiguities within the law, thus allowing sentencing diversion to be used in an increased number of cases. Louisiana established a different sentencing diversion model for drug crimes than is used in other states. The model in this state allows for the sentence to be diverted and the individual to begin the treatment program without a statement of guilt, or a

Childhood model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Childhood model - Essay Example Obese children should learn from healthy children through observation. In addition, they should be encouraged to adapt the requisite behaviors. Lastly, they should believe in their ability to change. Social cognitive theory came about because of the work conducted in the field of social learning theory advocated by Miller and Dollard in 1941. The theory has been applied in marketing where celebrities are used to introduce a product to a given demographic. A good example is the use of Drogba as the brand ambassador for Samsung in Africa. Students who perform well are rewarded with presents at the end of the academic year while those who exhibit good behavior are rewarded with leadership positions. The influence of the media is associated with social cognitive theory. People embrace behavior that is rewarded and shun what is punished (Ross, Lepper and Ward, 2010). Social cognitive theories are applied in the training of nurses and in their day-to-day responsibilities. Self-efficacy highlights an individual’s confidence in his or her ability to perform and master tasks. A student with a higher self-efficacy handles the Foley catheter with relative ease while one with a low self-efficacy would struggle handling

Food Predicament Essay Example for Free

Food Predicament Essay 1. List three factors largely responsible for the significant increase in North American food production since the end of World War II. a. Population Growth b. Rising personal income 2. Describe the trends in world food production vis-a-vis population growth from 1950 to the present. There is more people to supply food than before. 3. To what extent does expanding the amount of land under cultivation offer hope for significantly increasing world food supply? Why? To permit unproductive lands to be farmed, making it possible to raise two to three crops a year on the same land. 4. List four reasons for the loss of currently productive agricultural land. a. erosion b. desertification c. salinization d. water-logging 5. What factors make it unlikely that ocean fish harvests can be increased substantially above present levels? Large predator fish, overexploitation by industrial fishing fleets has reduced stocks of some species. 6. List several changes in food-handling practices that poor countries could implement to prevent loss of harvested crops. Store grains in bins that may not be easily penetrated, have good refrigeration and have reliable transport for the food. 7. To what extent can eating lower on the food chain help to solve problems of world hunger? It will help until the population grows more and going vegetarian would not be possible. 8. Why are a number of relatively affluent countries purchasing farmland in other nations? What are the advantages and disadvantages of such purchases for the host country? Because of the productive soil their food will grow much better in each different region. Some advantages might be that they will have that food available for the consumers and some disadvantages might be that there is a climate change and loose the crop. B. Match the following deficiency diseases with the nutritional factor (shown below the table) whose absence provoked these conditions (you can use the factor or corresponding letter (a, b, .): 1. childhood blindness 2. marasmus 3. anemia 4. kwashiorkor 5. mental retardation 6. pellagra 7. scurvy 8. rickets 9. beri-beri a. protein b. fiber c. vitamin A d. vitamin Bl (thiamine) e. vitamin C f. vitamin D g. vitamin E h. niacin i. iodine j. iron k. overall calorie/protein shortage C. True/False. Indicate T or F in the space before each numbered question. If the statement is false, revise it below in the box provided to make a correct statement; focus your response on the words in bold. 1. As incomes rise, food demand increases because more affluent people eat larger quantities of food. 2. It is estimated that approximately a billion people in the world today are undernourished. 3.Within families in poor societies, adolescent boys are the most likely to suffer from malnutrition. 4. Overpopulation is the major cause of chronic hunger problems in the developing world. 5. In societies where hunger is widespread, the rate of malnutrition among children and women is much higher than it is among men. 6. Malnutrition is most harmful when it occurs among children under 5. 7. The damaging effects of childhood malnutrition are reversible if the child receives an adequate diet when he/she becomes older. 8. Malnourished women are likely to give birth to underweight babies and to produce poor quality breast milk. 9. Marasmus is responsible for more childhood deaths in developing countries than any other single cause. 10. The most common nutritional deficiency disease worldwide is kwashiorkor. 11. A swollen belly, discoloration of the hair and skin, and stunted physical development are all classic symptoms of overall protein/calorie deprivation. 12. The worlds single most important cause of preventable brain damage and mental retardation is Vitamin A deficiency. 13. Aquaculrure offers greater hope for increasing the worlds fish harvest than does intensifying efforts in ocean fishing. 14. World livestock production, which rose steadily from 1950-1990, has subsequently leveled off because of falling market demand for meat. 15. Anemia is a leading cause of high female mortality rates and problem pregnancies in many poor countries. 16. Aquaculture supplies almost all of the tuna fish found in American supermarkets. 17. Biotechnology can help reduce farmers reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides and may make it possible to cultivate lands currently too dry or too saline for farming. 18. Among species commonly raised to supply animal protein for human consumption, fish are the most efficient energy converters, requiring just 2-3 pounds of feed to gain one pound of flesh. 19. In sub-Saharan Africa, grain production has remained stagnant at about one ton/ hectare since the early 1960s. 20. Significant increases in agricultural production achieved by technological breakthroughs such as the miracle grains or genetically modified crop and livestock varieties will ensure that all the worlds people enjoy an adequate diet.

Sustainability in construction and environmental impact of the construction industry

Sustainability in construction and environmental impact of the construction industry Sustainability in Construction There are many definitions of Sustainability, it has been evaluated as Sustainability is adapting the ways we all live and work towards meeting needs, while minimising the impacts of consumption and providing for people of today and not endangering the generations of tomorrow. [1] At the heart of sustainable development is the simple idea of ensuring a better quality of life for everyone, now and for the future generations. It means achieving social, economic and environmental objectives at the same time. It will give us a more inclusive society in which the benefits of increased economic prosperity are widely shared, with less pollution and more efficient use of natural resources. [2] Sustainable development was defined by the Brundtland Commission (1987) as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable construction aims to provide ways for buildings to use fewer raw materials and less energy, cause less pollution and less waste but still provide the benefits that construction projects have brought throughout history. Most definitions stress that sustainability requires making decisions that recognise the connections between actions and effects in the environment, economy and society. Sustainability is often seen as an ethically and moral debate. Social, environmental and economic needs must be met in a balance with each other for sustainable outcomes in the long term. [3] Sustainable construction is meeting environmental and social responsibilities, and at the same time improving profitability. The key characteristics of sustainable construction are similar to those set for sustainable development, the end result is to reduce a firms detrimental effects on the environment. The industry is defined by a number of sectors, all who plan, design, build, alter or maintain the built environment. Also its subsidiaries, those who manufacture materials, suppliers, and end of life occupiers or owners. The entire life cycle of any structure, from initial concept to demolition must be encompassed in the definition of sustainable construction. Buildings and structures change the face of towns and countryside, and their construction, use, repair, maintenance, and demolition consume vast amounts of energy and resources compared to many other industrial sectors. [4] The environmental Impact of the Construction Industry The government has stated that the construction, occupation and maintenance of buildings account for around 50% of the UKs total CO2 emissions. [5] The construction process and building use not only consume the most energy of all sectors in the UK and create the most CO2 emissions, they also create the most waste, use most non-energy related resources, and are responsible for the most pollution. In light of government plans to reduce the United Kingdoms CO2 emissions by 80% based on 1990 levels [6], the construction industry is at the forefront for reducing emissions in industrialised nations and the United Kingdom is no exception. Code for Sustainable Homes The code for Sustainable homes is a framework which has been put in place by the government as a step change towards producing more sustainable homes. The code is a result of a working relationship between the Building Research Establishment (BRE) and the Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA). The main aim of the code is to provide the construction industry a drive towards continuous improvement, greater innovation and exemplary achievement in sustainable home building. [7] The code enhances the use of Energy Performance Certificates which is a result of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD). The Energy Performance Certificates are used in new homes whenever they are sold or leased and are an indicator of carbon performance of the home. There are 9 main design categories covered in the code as follows: * Energy/CO2 * Pollution * Water * Health and well-being * Materials * Management * Surface water run-off * Ecology * Waste